Tuberculosis (TB)

What is tuberculosis (TB)?

Tuberculosis (also known as TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Most prevalent in developing countries, this condition affecting the functionality of the lungs is highly infectious. In its worst state, TB can spread through the bloodstream to other areas of the body, such as the spine, kidneys and brain.

Infections are generally preventable and can be cured with careful and committed treatment. Antibiotic treatment and recovery takes some time, often many months.

There are many known strains of TB which can be resistant to medications used to treat the condition. Several types of medications will likely be prescribed for several months in an effort to combat and kill off the infection, as well as prevent the development of any drug resistance.

What causes TB and how does it spread?

Tuberculosis occurs as a result of a type of bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium can be spread from one person to another. It is possible to carry the bacteria in your system and not experience signs of the disease. This is known as inactive or latent tuberculosis. The infection is active but may not be contagious, and thus will not likely be transmitted to others.

Transmission occurs through tiny (microscopic) droplets that become airborne through coughing, sneezing and even speaking, laughing or singing. Anyone nearby capable of inhaling these droplets (containing bacteria germs) may fall ill with tuberculosis.

That said, catching a tuberculosis infection is not so easy as germs typically grow slowly. In general, transmitted infections typically occur as a result of spending a fair amount of time in the company of an infected person. Transmitted infections are therefore common amongst family members, close circles of friends and co-workers.

Bacteria thrives in the body and once airborne and in contact with surfaces, cannot cause further infection. It is not likely you will catch the disease through touching contact with an infected person.

A person with active tuberculosis will likely no longer be contagious after at least 2 weeks of treatment.